The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.